**Chess** ek strategy board game hai jismein do players hote hain aur ek 8x8 grid hota hai jo chessboard kehlaya jata hai. Har player ke paas shuruaat mein 16 pieces hote hain: ek king, ek queen, do rooks, do knights, do bishops, aur aath pawns. Is game ka uddeshya hai ki opponent ka king checkmate karna, jo ki king ko aise position mein daalna hota hai jahan woh attack mein hota hai aur bachane ke liye koi jagah nahi hoti.
Yahan piece aur unke movements ka breakdown hai:
1. **King**: King ek square kisi bhi direction mein move kar sakta hai - horizontal, vertical, ya diagonal.
2. **Queen**: Queen kisi bhi direction mein kuch bhi squares move kar sakti hai - horizontally, vertically, ya diagonally.
3. **Rook**: Rook kisi bhi direction mein kuch bhi squares horizontally ya vertically move kar sakti hai.
4. **Bishop**: Bishop kisi bhi direction mein kuch bhi squares diagonally move kar sakti hai.
5. **Knight**: Knight ek L-shape mein move karta hai: ek direction mein do squares (ya to horizontal ya vertical) aur phir ek square perpendicular to that direction. Knight dusre pieces ko "jump over" kar sakta hai.
6. **Pawn**: Pawns ek square ke liye forward move karte hain, lekin woh diagonally capture karte hain. Pawns ke pehle move par, woh do squares forward bhi move kar sakte hain. Pawns ka ek special move hota hai called en passant, jismein agar opponent ka pawn shuruaati position se do squares aage move karta hai, toh adjacent pawn usse capture kar sakta hai jaise ki woh sirf ek square forward move kiya hai. Additionally, jab bhi koi pawn opposite end of the board tak pahuchta hai, toh woh kisi bhi aur piece (except king) mein promote ho sakta hai.
Players apni baari par move karte hain, jahan white pehle move karta hai. Game tab tak chalta hai jab tak kisi ek player ko checkmate, stalemate (jab player ko koi legal move nahi hoti aur unka king check nahi hota), ya draw by agreement, insufficient material, fifty-move rule, ya threefold repetition rule nahi hoti.
Chess mein strategy kaafi important hoti hai, jismein center ko control karna, pieces ko develop karna, threats create karna aur tactics calculate karna shaamil hote hain. Yeh ek skillful, foresightful, aur creative game hai, jo duniya bhar mein casual aur competitive roop mein enjoy kiya jata hai.
Chess ek prasiddh aur vishesh roop se manchitra yukt dimaag wala khel hai. Yeh do khiladiyon ke beech mein khela jata hai, jismein har khiladi apni chaturai aur dimaag ka istemal karta hai. Yahaan kuch mukhya chess ke niyam hain:
1. **Board Setup**: Chess khel ke liye ek 8x8 grid board ka istemal hota hai, jismein 64 squares hote hain. Board ko setup karte samay har khiladi ko 16 pieces milte hain. Ye pieces hote hain:
- Ek raja
- Ek rani
- Do haathi
- Do ghode
- Do camel
- Aath pawns
2. **Piece Movement**:
- **Raja**: Raja ek square kisi bhi disha mein chal sakta hai.
- **Rani**: Rani ko horizontal, vertical ya diagonal direction mein unlimited squares tak chalne ki permission hoti hai.
- **Haathi**: Haathi sirf horizontal ya vertical direction mein chal sakta hai, unlimited squares tak.
- **Ghoda**: Ghoda 'L' shape mein chalta hai - do squares ek disha mein, aur phir ek square seedha dusri disha mein.
- **Camel**: Camel ek square kisi bhi disha mein chal sakta hai, phir do square sidha aur phir ek square seedha.
- **Pawn**: Pawn generally ek square ke liye seedha ya diagonal chal sakta hai, lekin agar yeh apne starting position se do squares aage chalta hai, toh usko ek square aage ya peeche se chalne ki permission hoti hai.
3. **Objective**: Khel ka maqsad apne raja ko khiladi ke raja ka checkmate kar dena hota hai. Checkmate ka matlab hota hai ki raja ko hara hua sthiti mein le ja diya gaya hai, jismein koi bhi piece raja ko bachane ki koi possibility nahi chhodta.
4. **Check**: Jab ek khiladi ka raja kisi bhi dushmani piece ke dwara attack mein hota hai, toh woh check kahlata hai. Check hone par, khiladi ko apne raja ko bachane ke liye kuch karna padta hai, jaise ki raja ko move karna ya dushmani piece ko capture karna.
5. **Checkmate**: Jab ek khiladi ka raja check mein hota hai aur koi legal move karne ki capability nahi hoti hai us raja ko bachane ki, toh woh sthiti checkmate kehlata hai aur khiladi har jaata hai.
6. **Draw**: Kuch situations hote hain jahaan khel draw ho jata hai, jaise ki stalemate (jab ek khiladi ka koi bhi move karne ki capability nahi hoti), threefold repetition (jab ek same position teen baar repeat hoti hai), aur insufficient material (jab dono khiladiyon ke paas sufficient pieces nahi hote).
Yeh kuch mukhya niyam hain jo chess khel mein laagu kiye jate hain. Iske alawa, kuch aur specific rules bhi hote hain, jaise ki en passant, pawn promotion, aur castling, jo khel ke aur mazboot banaate hain.
Bharat ne shatranj mein bhi kai prasiddh khiladiyon ko janm diya hai. Yahan kuch pramukh Bharatiya shatranj khiladiyon ke naam hain:
1. **Viswanathan Anand**: Bharat ka sabse prasiddh shatranj khiladi hai. Unhe Vishy ke naam se bhi jana jata hai. Anand ne vishv champion ke roop mein vijay prapt ki hai aur vishv ke top khiladiyon mein se ek hai.
2. **Koneru Humpy**: Humpy ek prasiddh mahila shatranj khiladi hai. Unka yogdaan Bharatiya shatranj mein mahilaon ke liye mahatvapurn hai aur unhone antarrashtriya star par bhi kai puraskar jeete hain.
3. **Pentala Harikrishna**: Harikrishna ek pramukh Bharatiya shatranj khiladi hain, jo vishv ke top khiladiyon mein se ek hain. Unka visheshagyaar khelne ki kshamata aur vyavasthitata ne unhe antarrashtriya peeda par sthapit kiya hai.
4. **Vidit Gujrathi**: Vidit ek teji se badhne wale Bharatiya shatranj khiladi hain. Unka visheshagyaar khelne ki kshamata aur yogyata ne unhe antarrashtriya star par prasiddhi dilayi hai.
5. **Dronavalli Harika**: Harika ek anya prasiddh mahila shatranj khiladi hai. Unka yogdaan Bharatiya mahila shatranj ko badhava dene mein mahatvapurn hai aur unhone antarrashtriya star par bhi kai puraskar jeete hain.
Ye kuch pramukh Bharatiya shatranj khiladi hain, jo desh ke liye pratibaddh hain aur antarrashtriya star par bhi prasiddhi hasil kar chuke hain.
dilchasp chess facts hain:
1. **Origin**: Chess ka itihaas kafi purana hai, aur iska prarambh Bharat mein hua tha lagbhag 1500 saal pahle. Yeh khel baad mein Middle East aur phir Europe mein popular hua.
2. **Grandmasters**: Chess mein sabse uchch star ka shreni "Grandmaster" hai. Sabse chhote Grandmaster Abhimanyu Mishra hain, jo sirf 12 saal ke the jab unhone Grandmaster ka pad hasil kiya.
3. **Queen's Gambit**: Netflix series "The Queen's Gambit" ne chess ko naye darje tak pahunchaya aur isme mahila mukabala karne wali pramukh character ki kahani ko darshaya.
4. **Longest Game**: 1989 mein, do Grandmasters Ivan Nikolić aur Goran Arsović ne ek chess game khela jo 20 ghante aur 15 minute tak chali.
5. **World Chess Championship**: Vishwa Chess Championship duniya ka sabse bada aur mahatvapurn chess event hai, jisme vishwa ke sabse behtareen players bhag lete hain.
6. **First Computer Win**: 1997 mein IBM ka chess computer "Deep Blue" pehli baar ek world champion chess player, Garry Kasparov ko hara diya.
7. **Chess Pieces**: Chess mein total 6 pieces hote hain - King, Queen, Rook, Bishop, Knight, aur Pawn. Har ek piece ki apni khasiyat hoti hai aur unki positioning khel ka mukhya hissa hai.
8. **Chess Notation**: Chess ki har move ko record karne ke liye ek system hai jo "algebraic notation" ke naam se jaani jaati hai. Isse khiladi apne games ko analyze kar sakte hain aur improve kar sakte hain.
9. **FIDE**: International Chess Federation (FIDE) duniya bhar mein chess ko promote aur regulate karne wali sabse badi sanstha hai. Iski sthapna 1924 mein hui thi.
10. **Chess Olympiad**: Chess Olympiad ek antar-rashtriya chess tournament hai jisme desh ke teams bhag lete hain. Yeh har do saal mein aayojit hota hai aur FIDE ke dwara sanchalit hota hai.
Yeh kuch rochak chess facts hain jo is khel ki duniya ko aur bhi majedar banaate hain!
Chess ki itihaas kaafi rich aur fascinating hai. Yeh hai kuch mukhya tathya:
1. **Prarambh**: Chess ka janm Bharat mein lagbhag 1500 saal pahle hua tha. Pehla rupantar "Chaturanga" ke roop mein tha, jisme char prakar ke pieces hote the: Raja, Mantri, Hathi, aur Sainik.
2. **Middle East aur Europe**: Chess ka prachar Middle East ke madhyam se hua, jahan ise "Shatranj" ke naam se jaana jaata tha. Arab traders ke zariye yeh khel Europe tak pahuncha, jahan uska prachar tezi se hua.
3. **Modern Chess**: Aaj ke modern chess ka roop 15th century mein develop hua. Is daur mein kuch mahatvapurn rules jaise ki pawn ke do chhaale ki anumati, en passant, aur queen ki shakti ka vriddhi aayi.
4. **Romantic Era**: 19th century ko "Romantic Era" kehte hain, jisme chess ki popularity aur competition kaafi badh gayi. Is daur mein kai mahatvapurn players jaise ki Paul Morphy, Wilhelm Steinitz, aur Emanuel Lasker ne apna pratibha dikhaya.
5. **World Chess Federation (FIDE)**: 1924 mein FIDE ki sthapna hui, jo chess ke prachar aur prabandhan ke liye jimmedar hai. FIDE ne vishwa star ke players ko ek platform pradaan kiya aur World Chess Championship ka aayojan kiya.
6. **Cold War Rivalry**: Dauran-e-Sard Jang ke dauraan, chess ek vyaapak aur gahrai tak samajik tatha raajneetik rivalry ka hissa ban gaya. USSR aur USA ke beech ke matches ko dhyaan se dekha gaya aur chess ko propaganda ka sadhan bhi mana gaya.
7. **Computer Age**: 20th century ke antim dashak se lekar 21st century mein, computers ne chess ke maidan mein bada revolution laaya. Deep Blue ki jeet 1997 mein Garry Kasparov ke khilaaf ek pramukh milestone rahi.
8. **Online Chess**: Internet ke aane ke saath, online chess kaafi popular ho gaya hai. Ab khiladiyan poore vishwa bhar mein online platforms par apne hunar ko dikhate hain aur ek doosre ke saath bhidte hain.
9. **Chess Olympics**: Chess ko pehli baar Olympic Games ka hissa banaya gaya tha Paris Olympics 1924 mein. Lekin baad mein isse alag kar diya gaya aur FIDE ke dwara aayojit Chess Olympiad ka aayojan kiya gaya.
Yeh kuch mukhya tathya hain jinhone chess ki itihaas ko rochak banaya hai aur ise ek pramukh manoranjak aur vichitra khel bana diya hai.